[쉬운 영어로 읽는 최신 전산 영어] 1 Introduction to Computer System(1)

(해당 강의노트는 한빛아카데미의 <쉬운 영어로 읽는 최신 전산 영어 : 3판>을 기반으로 작성되었습니다)

1장 파트 1

CH01) Introduction to Computer System

: In these days, a computer is an essential gadget that most people want to have.
But it is hard to catch up with new SW such as various applications.
It is always a thrill to unpack a new computer, but most people hate the process of migrating applications and data.
First of all, Let's study computer systems.

• Gadget[ɡædʒ.ət]: a small piece of equipment that does a particular job(not formal word)
• migrate[maɪ.ɡreɪt] : If people migrate, they travel in large numbers to a new place to live temporarily

The Computer Defined

computer가 파생된 원 단어는?

• Compute : the act or process of calculating an answer by using a machine electronic device modern computers are digital
• Converts data into information
• Two digits combine to make data(0,1)Older computers were analog
• A range of values made data analog vs Digital

1. Analog : 이산적으로 끊어서 표현할 수 없는 값들
2. Digital : discrete number에서 파생된 것으로 끊어서 인식할 수 있는 quantity

Computers for Individual Use

1. Computers can be shared by multiple users but can be used by only one person at a time
2. Although PCs are used by individuals, they also can be connected together to create networks

Types of Computer for individuals

1. Desktop : computer on the Desk

• The most common type of computer
• Sits on the desk or floor

2. Notebook(== laptop) : lap means leg

• small portable computers
• portable : light and small enough to be easily carried or moved:

3. Tablet(Ipad, Galaxy tab)

• The newest development in portable computers
• Input is through a pen or touch

4. Handheld computers, palm computer

• palm: 손바닥
• Very small computers
• Personal digital assistants(PDA)
• iPhone, Galaxy

5. Smartphones

• Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
• Web surfing, e-mail access
• Do not use handphone! It is not a formal word!! just konglish
• hybrid : something that is a mixture of two very different things

Types of Computer for Organization

• organization : a group whose members work together for a shared purpose in a continuing wayWorkstations

1. Specialized computers
2. Optimized for science or graphics
3. More powerful than a desktop

• 옛날 얘기, 요즘은 워크스테이션의 성능을 내는 데스크톱이 많아짐

Network servers

1. Centralized computer

• Centralized : controlled by one main system or authority
• 중앙집중식 컴퓨터

2. All other computers connect
3. Provides access to network resources
4. Multiple servers are called server farms
5. Often simply a powerful desktop
6. Flexibility to different kinds of tasks

• Flex + ability: 유연성(유연 가능성)

7. Users use the Internet as a means of connecting even if away from the offices

• mean 의 여러가지 뜻 : 의미하다/ 너무해! /
• 여기서는 '~방법/ 수단' 으로 쓰임
• 방법의 다른 영어 단어 : way -> but, ' a way of' is so awkward
• 이유 mean (수단 -> 사용하는 tool ) way(길 -> 하는 행위) 이기 때문에 방법이도 사용되는 때가 다름

Mainframes

1. Used in large organizations
2. Handle thousands of users

• Handle(== deal with) : ex. I handle it == I deal with it

3. Users access through a terminal
4. Large and powerful systems

Supercomputers

1. The most powerful computers made
2. Handle large and complex calculations
3. Process trillions of operations per second

• trillions : the number 1,000,000,000,000 = 10^12

4. Found in a research organization

Computers in Society

1. More impact than any other invention

• Changed work and leisure activities
• Used by all demographic groups
• demography? 인구학 비스무리

2. Computers are important because :

• Provide information to users
• Information is critical to our society
• Managing information is difficult

Computers in Society

The benefits of using computers

1. As varied as users

2. Computers at home

• Many homes have multiple computers
• Most homes have Internet
• Computer are used for Communication, Business, Education,..., etc

3. Computers in education

• Computer literacy required at all levels
• literacy : the ability to read and write

4. Computer in industry

• Computers are used to design products
• Assembly lines are automated

5. Computers in government

• Necessary to track data for population
• Governments were the first computer users

6. Computers in health care

• Revolutionized health care
• New treatments possible

Section 01 The Definition and History of Computer(1)

The Definition of a Computer

1. A device that accepts data, processes the data in accordance with a stored program,
   generates results, and usually consists of input, output, storage, arithmetic, logic, and control units.

• accordance: following or obeying a rule, law, wish
• process vs level: 둘다 단계라고는 쓰나 process 는 진행의 의미, level은 step에 가까움

2. A functional unit that can perform computation, including numerous arithmetic operations or
   logic operations, without human intervention during a run